In 1605, Acadia, France's first New France colony, was founded with the creation of Acadia's capital, Port-Royal. The land that comprises what is now Nova Scotia was inhabited by the Miꞌkmaq people at the time of European exploration.
The province borders the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the south and east, and is separated from Prince Edward Island and the island of Newfoundland by the Northumberland and Cabot straits, respectively. The peninsula that makes up Nova Scotia's mainland is connected to the rest of North America by the Isthmus of Chignecto, on which the province's land border with New Brunswick is located. Its area of 55,284 square kilometres (21,345 sq mi) includes Cape Breton Island and 3,800 other coastal islands. It is the country's second-most densely populated province and second-smallest province by area, both after Prince Edward Island. It is the most populous of Canada's Atlantic provinces. Most of the population are native English-speakers and the province's population is 969,383 according to the 2021 Census. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. Nova Scotia ( / ˌ n oʊ v ə ˈ s k oʊ ʃ ə/ NOH-və SKOH-shə French: Nouvelle-Écosse Scottish Gaelic: Alba Nuadh) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.
Rankings include all provinces and territories
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